Gyroscope-brake.



W. L. RILEY.

GYROSCOPE 'BRAKE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 19. 1911. RENEWiD JULY 1.191s.

Patented Mar. 12, 1918.

I0 SHEETS-SHEET I.

fnfifan/iar:

Will. 1255 R 136:9,

W. L. RILEY.

GYROSCOPE BRAKE.

APPLICATIQN HLED JUNK-I19. m1. RENEWED JULY 1, ms.

Patented Mar. 12, 1918.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

w 28 2 mZZz'sIRiZe fitorvwifl W. L. RILEY.

GYROSCOPE BRAKE.

APPLICATION r1120 1u11E19. 1911. RENEWED 111111 1.1916.

Patented Mar;

I0 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

7iT'12/e/sses:

,w. L. RiLEY. GYROSCOPE BRAK E. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 19. l9ll- RENEWEDIULY 1.1916.

Patented ar. 12, 1918.

10 SHEETS-SHEET 4- W. L. RILEY.

GYROSCOPE BRAKE.

APPLICATION r1120 JUNE 19, 1911. RENEWED JULY 1.191s.

Patented Mar. 12, 1918; 1 0 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

w. 'LJ'mLEY.

GYROSCOPE BRAKE. AifL-ICAHON FILED JUNE 19, 1911- RENEWED JULY 1,1916.

Patented Mar. 12, 1918.

I0 SHEETS-SHEET 6.

W. L. RILEY.

GYROSCOPE BRAKE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE I9, 1911- RENEWED JULY 1.1916. 1,259,293.Patented Mar. 12, 1918'.

I0 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

W wow-Z035. Rae

w. L. RILEY.

GYROSCORE BRAKE. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 19, I911- RENEWED JULY 1. 1916.

1 ,259,293 a Patented Mar. 12, 1918.

I0 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

w. L. RILEY.

.. GYROSCOPE BRAKE. I APPLICATION FILED JUNE 19, I91- RENEWED JULY h1916- 1,259,293.

12, 1918. 10 snsns-snan 9.

Patented Mar.

W. L. RILEY.

GYROSCOPE BRAKE. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 19. |en. R:m-:wo JULY 1.191s.

Patented Mar. 12, 1918.

I0 SHEETS-SHEET 10- WILLIS L. RILEY, OF ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA.

GYROSCOPE-BRAKE.

, Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 12, rate.

Application filed June 19, 1911, Serial No. 634,013. Renewed July 1,1916. Serial No. 107,137.

It is a well known fact that a wheel re volving upon an axisperpendicular to its plane oifers resistance to a tilting of the axisand that. when the axis has been tilted. it tends to' return to itsoriginal position.'

Under certain conditions this action becomes a rotary one.

I have discovered that by mounting a pair of gyroscopic wheels upon aframe in connection with a revolving shaft and driving the gyroscopewheels by suitable means it is possible to exert upon the shaft apositive or negative acceleration tending to retard the rotation of arevolving shaft or a) increase its speed.

In the drawings with which I have illus-.

trated my device and which form a part of my specification, Figure 1 isan elevation of a baggage car and coach coupled together and fitted withmy gyroscope brake system; Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a motor brakeapplied to the axle of a truck as illustrated in, Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is apart sectional view of this motor .brake transverse to the axle of thetruck; Fig. 4 is a detail of the electric contact wheel shown in Fig. 2;Fig. 5 is an elevation of an alternative form of my device adapted to beused as a brake only Fig.

6 is a transverse view part in section, of my device as illustrated inFig. 5; Fig. 7 is a side view of an alternative form of my motor brake;Fig. 8 is a section onthe line XX, Fig. 7 Fig. 9 isan enlarged detail ofthe electric contact wheel and trolley shown in Fig. 7; Fig. 10 is adetail of the electric contact wheel operating the tilting solenoid;Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic view of the electric wiring as used in Fig. 7Fig. 12 is an elevation of a gyroscope wheel and its attached drivemotor illustrating a convenient form of brake for the gyroscope wheel;Fig. 13 1s a partly sectional view of the same wheel Fig. 14 illustratesan alternativeconstructlon of my device; Fig. 15 is a plan View of thesame form of device; Fig. 16

illustrates a fluid pump used in connection w th Fig. 14; Figs. 17 and18 illustrate details of said fluid pump; Fig. 19 is a diagrammatic viewof the wiring used in the operation of my device as illustrated in Fig.14; Fig- 20 illustrates an alternative form of my device; Figs. 21 and22 are detail views of the alternative form shown in Fig. 20;

Fig. 23 is a side view of the trolley used in the form of gyroscopeillustrated in Figs. 5 and 6; Fig. 24 illustrates the form of brakeshown in Fig. 13 applied to a locomotive; Fig. 25 illustrates theapplication of the same device to an automobile Fig. 26 illustrates theuse of my device as shown in Fig.

7 in connection with the ordinary friction brake system used on railwaycars; Fig. 27 is an end view of my device as illustrated in Fig. 26;Fig. 28 is a complete wiring diagram of a train consisting of alocomotive, tender, baggage car and coach; Fig. 29 is a diagram of theelectric connections appearing in Fig. 28 illustrating a coach brokenaway from the train; Figs. 30 to 32 inclusive, are enlarged details ofthe electric connections, and .Fig. 33 is a sectional view of an oildash pot as illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6.

In Fig. 1 I have illustrated the application of the preferred form of mydevice to the axles of a railway coach 2 and a baggage car 3. I haveshown a motor brake A as illustrated in Fig. 2 attached to an axle 4 ofa truck -5 which isjournaled in a truck frame 6 supporting the ends ofthe cars. have illustrated a brake A in connection w1th .one axle oneach truck frame. It may however,

be applied to all of the axles supporting the car. From this pointelectric energy may the mains 10. The mains 10' be distributed for thelighting, heating and braking mechanism of the car or any other purposethrough a train line 12 which-1s carried along the roof of the cars inconduits 13, extending downward into the vestibules 14 or at the ends ofthe cars where they are joined throughout the length of the tram byconnectors B which will be further described in detail. From thevestibule connections of the train line, conductors 15 are carrieddownward beneath the floor of the coach, and connected with the brake Aby a system of trolleys.

The gyroscope motor brake A shown in Fig. 1 is illustrated in detail inFigs. 2 and 3. On the axle 4 of the truck 5 are mounted "ordinary carwheels 16 which are adapted to roll on the rails 17 of the railwaytrack. Between the wheels 16 on the shaft 4 is mounted a spherical metalshell formed in two halves 18 and 19 which have. flanges 20 forming abearing revolving'on the shaft 4 and serving as'means for bolting thehalves of the shell together by bolts 21. The shell remains in fixedposition with relation to the car body, the upper half 18 being fastenedto the body of trucks by means of braces 22 fastened to the shell bybolts 23.

.Achannel shaped groove 24, convex outwardly, extends around the shelltransverse to the axle 4 and form a guideway for the extremity of theframe 25 on which the gyroscopewheels are mounted. The guideway isformed with two deflecting portions 26 on opposite sides of thespherical shell and extending toward the same end of the axle 4. Withinthe guideway are two guide strips 27 fastened to the walls of theguideway'by bolts 28. Within the spherical shell the gyroscope frame 25is-mounted on the axle 4 transversely to the axle. The axle at thispointis fitted with a split sleeve 29 fastened together with bolts 30 andkeyed to the axle 4 with feather key 31. Each half of the box 29 carriesa gudgeon 32 which forms a trunnion bearing for the gyroscope frame 25.The frame 25 is formed in two parts bolted together by bolts 33 andjournaled on the gudgeons 32. Integral with,

each half of the frame 25 is a motor case 34 and the half case 35 forthe gyroscope wheel 36 which is journaled within. A

cover part 37 lies between the arms 38 of the frame 25 and is attachedto the half case 35 by bolts 39. Within the motor and wheel case arejournaled the gyroscope wheel 36 and a suitable motor directly conwhichit follows during the rotation of the axle and frame within the shell.The opposite extremity of the frame does not extend into the guideway,thus permitting the guide 41 -to traverse-the guide way with its twodeflecting parts formed in the same direction on'opposite sides of theshell.

The shaft 40 has two similar bearings, one in the motor case34 and theother in the cover part 37 and each extremity of the shaft 40 is formedwith a thrust bearing 43 which is journaled in a fiber block 44. Thefiber block 44 is fixed in a bearing 45 hav-. ing upon its exterior agear 46, and being journaled in a second fiber or other suitable bearingformed witli a gudgeon pin 47 upon the axis ofthe shaft and lying withinthe recess in an adjustable, socket piece 48. A secondary shaft 49 is.journaled on the casing adjacent to the shaft 40 and carries upon it twogears 50 and 51.0f which the gear 50 is the larger and meshes with agear 52 fixed upon the shaft 40. The gear 51 meshes with the gear wheel46 fixed upon the bearing 45 and the train of gears serves as areduction gearing rotating the secondary bearing at a slower rate ofspeed than the shaft 40 and reducing the friction between the shaft andthe parts on which it bears. 'The adjustment of the bearing is securedby the adjustable socket piece 48 and by a set screw 53 in connectionwith the secondary shaft 49.

The journaling of theshafts 40 of the two gyroscope whee s at oppositeends of the frame 25 is symmetrical aboutv the axle 4. The motors withinthe motor casing 34 are supplied with current through electric contactwheels 55 fixed to the axle 4 adjacent to the boxes 20. The contactwheels 55 are formed in two parts '56 convenient for adjustment uponthe. axle and fastened together by bolts 57 which also serve as bindingposts for the conductors 58 which extend from the contact wheel to theelectricterminals 59 of the motors. Two brushes 60 are mounted upon apost 61 fixed to the shell 18. The necessary insulation is insertedbetween the axle 4 and the wheel 55 and between the brushes and theirmountings. The electric conductor 15 extending beneath the floor of thecars 1 and 2 connects with the brush 60 to form an electric circuit fromthe gyroscope. v In this device the action of the motors reaxis and themovement of the 'de 41 following the guide slot through its deflectingparts 26 causes a tilting of the two wheels in the same direction at thesame time by the partial rotation-of the'frame 25 upon the gudgeons 32during its rotatlon 'with the axle 4.

Figs. 5 and t 6 I havb illustrated *aform .the turbo-generator throughthe motors of 7 volves the gyroscope wheels about a common of my devicein which a pair of gyroscope wheels revolving with the axle 4 of a cartruck act upon each other and are tilted. equally in oppositedirections. In this construction I use a brake case 71 formed in twoparts and fastened together by bolts 72 and keyed to the axle 4: by keys73. The brake case 71 thus-revolves with the axle during the movement ofthe car and carries with itv the gyroscope frame 74 which lies withinthe brake casing and is integral with it. The gyroscope wheels 70 andtheir attached motors lie within a casing 75 to which is attached acover part 76 by means of bolts 77. The gyroscope wheel and motormountedon a common axle 78 are journaled in the two parts of the casing.A socket piece 79 is threaded into the casing at each v extremity of theshaft 78 and carries a fiber I bearing piece 80 adjustable to the socketpiece 79 by means of a screw 81 threaded therein. The shaft 78 forms athrust bearing in the bearing piece 80 and also carries a ball-bearingcone 82 which cooperates with a recess in the socket piece 79 to receiveballs 83 forming a ball bearing for the shaft.

This form of bearing is provided at each end of both shafts 78. Thecasing 75 is journaled in the brake casing 71 by means of a bracket 84integral with the casing 75 and carrying gudgeons 85 which are journaledin suitable bearings 92 in the brake casing 71. The axis of the gudgeonslies transversely to the axle 4 and llows the tilting of the gyroscopeWheel and its inclosing case toward the axle 4. On the adjacent faces ofthe gyroscope covers 76 are formed intermeshing gear sectors'86 and 87which are circumferential to the axis of thegudgeons 85 causing therotation of one gyroscope wheel on the axis of-the gudgeons to producean equal movement of the other wheel from its plane of rotation. Thegear sectors 86 and 87 lie parallel with the axle 1 and the tiltingrotation of the gyroscope wheel produced by the rotation of thegyroscope wheels about the." axle 1 is controlled by a dash-pot 88pivoted upon the sector 86 and having a piston 89 operating withinit andpivoted upon the sector 87. Referring toFigS. 5 and '6, the two groscope wheels 70 are driven by individual -motors, their directions ofspinning being opposite. The revolving of the truck axle 4' producesprecession (tipping). It should be understood that the revolving oftruck axle does not produce precession until the power is applied to thegyroscope wheel motors and the gyroscope wheels are spinning. Instantlythe. wheels 70 nutate (tilt) and as shown in Fig. 5 the adjacent side ofthe wheels 70 nutate or tilt toward each other. In tilting they trunnionupon their gudgeons 85 to which are .secured the gear pinions 85 whichmesh with the gear racks 74. These racks are shown on the one side asbeing'outside of the pinions and on the opposite side they are placedinside of the pinions so that when the Wheels 70 tilt the gears rollontheir racks and partially rotate the wheels 70 the wheels 70 fro-m theirplanes of spinning I except their revolving with theaxle 4, which theyare forcibly retarding. I have'elected to call the first gyroscopicmovement precession and the second movement nutation.

The mechanical rotation precession of the axle and inactive gyroscopecannot be called recession in rosco 1csense' what I choose to callprecession, hashowever, a

movement in this .same direction (rolling with the axle), but is aprecessional movement only when the motors become activeto spin thegyroscope wheels. Such a precession produces a forceful movement, whichI choose to call nutation. fNutation is at I right angles to procession.

The piston' 89 has a valve 90 in its extremity and is adapted to beopened for the passage of oil at the end 'of the return portion of thestroke of the piston. During the outward portion of the stroke of thepiston the valve 90 closes and part of the oilpasses through by-passgrooves 91 in the wall of the dash-pot. Below the by-pass grooves theoil is compressed by and acts as a cushion for the piston.

The operation of the motors connected with the gyroscope wheels issecured by electric contact wheels 93 and 94 mounted upon brackets 95which are integral withthe shell by means of bolts 96 and insulated withany suitable material 97 The contact wheels are formed with'tracks 98adapted to receive a suitable trolley attached to the Which is journaledthe axle 101 on which the pairs of gyroscope wheels 0 are mounted. Eachpair of wheels is mounted on a transverse frame 103formed in two partswhich are fastened together by bolts 104 andgjournaled on the gudgeons105 connecting with the sleeve parts 106 (see Fig. 8)

which are keyed on the shaft 101. The gyroscope wheels with theirattached motors are fixed upon shafts 107 journaled in 'casings 108secured to the gyroscope frame 103 and are adapted to rotate upon acommon axis passing through the intersection of the axes of the gudgeons105 and axle.

. The axes of the gudgeons 105 of the two pairs of wheels are paralleland are spaced apart upon the axle 101 sufliciently to permit aconsiderable rotation of the gyroscope frames 103 upon the gudgeons.

On the adjacent sides of the gyroscope frames are gear sectors 109 whichare formed integral with the parts of-the gyro scope frames 103 andadapted to intermesh during the rotation of the frames upon the gudgeons105.

The operation of each of the motors and gyroscope wheels is securedthrough electric contact wheels 110 mounted upon the axle 101 to rotatetherewith and having electric connections 111 for suitable conductors112 leading from the contact wheels to the terminals 113 of the motors.The entire rotating structure is protected by a suitable casing 115attached by brackets 116 formed integral with the casing 115. Electricconductors, 117 .leading from the electric power line pass through .a'suitable insulation 118 in the casing and connect with trolley wheels119 fixed to the casing and arranged to operate upon the contactsurfaces 120 of the contact wheels 110 supplyin power to the gyroscopemotors.

he 0 eration of the pairs of gyroscope wheels as a motive power requiresthe tilting of the gyroscope wheels upon the gudgeons 105 and this isaccomplished bymeans of a pair of solenoids 121 which is mounted upon anarm 122 keyed to the axle 101. A bracket 123 is connected with thegyroscope frame 103 at right angles to the gudgeons 105 and carries atits extremity a yoke 124 bearing the cores of the solenoids whichoperating within the solenoid windmgs 121 produce a tilting of thegyroscope frame-103 upon the gudgeons 105 through a short arc. Theapplication of electric current to the windings of the solenoids 121produces a movement of the solenoid cores and consequently a tilting ofthe gyro-. scope frames" 103. This application of power is secured bysuitable conductors 125 connected in series from one of the contactwheels 110 through the windings of the solenoids, an electric contactwheel 126 mounted upon the axle 101 to revolve with it and a conductor127 connected with the trolley 119 working upon the other contact wheel.The contact wheel 126 1s keyed upon the axle 101 and consists of twoside portions 128 carrying between them elsetric contact segments 129and 130 two of which are fixed in position opposite each other and two,op oslte each other at right angles to the fixed pair, are movableradially between the side portions 128 of the wheel. The two movablesegments 130 are connected by links 131 with the arms 132 of a ballgovernor 133 which are. pivoted in a ring 134 fixed upon the axle 101. Aspring 135 operates against the arms 132 of the governor and opposes thecentrifugal force of the balls 133. Atthe normal speed of the axle 101the spring 135 operates to' hold the movable segments 130 between theside portions 128 and the contact wheel 126. The brush 136 operatingupon the contact wheel to produce an electric connection through thesolenoids 121 ceases to make contact with the movable segments 130 andcompletes the circuit only during the pasrotates: The web 141 of thewheel is apertured to increase its radius of gyration. The rim 142 ofthe wheel is formed hollow and is filled with lead 143 or other suitablematerial. Upon the outside of the rlm 1s shrunk .a metal band-1'44 forthe purpose of strengthening the Wheel and maklng it more resistive tocentrifugal forces. 140 on which thefwheel rotates also carries Theshaft the motors operating the wheel and is journaled in a combined balland thrust bearing similar to that described in connection with Figs. 5and 6. The motor is mounted within a casing integral with the wheel case145.

About the periphery of the wheel and within the case 145 are fixed aseries of magnets 146 attached to the inside of the casing 145 andextending around the periphery of the wheel. Themagnets 146 areconnected in series with a shuntfrom the power conductors driving themotor of the gyroscope. Between the spring brake 138 and the wheel rim142 is a wearing strip 148 formed of. fiber or other suitable substancewhich the spring action of the brake is adapted to force against. theperiphery of the wheel to stop its rotation. "Upon. applying electricpower to the motor which drives the wheel, the shunt windings becomeoperative and draw the spring brake away from the rim of wheels .0leaving it free to rotate. As soon as the-motive power is cut off themagnetscease to be active and the resiliency of the spring brake clampsit upon the periphery of the wheel to stop its rotation.

I The construction of the gyroscope Wheels may be various inthe,difl'erent forms of my device. In. Fig. 6 is illustrated a wheel 0having a solid cast rim 149 connected to the hub 150 by suitableweb-like spokes 151 having suflicient strength to resist the momentum ofthe rim in rotating at high velocities.

The method ofdriving the gyroscope wheels C may alsovvbe varied. Inthe'preceding figures I have illustrated a gyroscope wheel and motordirectly connected, each Wheel having an individual motor. In Figs. 14and 15 I have shown an alternative construction of mounting my device,the r0 tating axle 101 being yoked and forming a frame 152 within WhlCha pair of gyroscope wheels 0 are mounted in a casing 153 and a motor 154connected to both.'

'Upon the casing of the motor are mounted gudgeon pins 155 having theiraxis parallel to the plane of the rotating gyroscope wheels and atright-angles t0 the axis of the axle 101. The gudgeons 155 are journaledin the frame 152 and permit the rotation of the gyroscope wheel casing153 in a plane longitudinal to the axle 101. Therotationthe' casing 153upon the gudgeons 155 is secured by rocker arms 156 attached to the endsof the gudgeons 155 outside their bearings and operated by a piston orplunger 157 and fluid or air pump 158 illustrated in Figs. 14, 15, 16,17 and 18. A rotary fluid or air pump 158 is operated by a motor 159directly connected to the pump and journaled in a casing 160 attached tothe yoked axle- 101. Mounted on the motor casing 160 is an automatic cutout 161 formed by a sleeve" 162 in which is slidablymounted a piston 163carryingat its upper end conical contact head 164. The piston 163 isoperated by the pressure of fluid within the pump 158 against the.pressure of a spring. 165. the pressure in the pump 158 lowers the p1s-.162 as shown at 158.

ton 163 moves downward bringing its con- .tact piece 164 in contact withthe contact time 164 secured toth'e sleeve 162 bv the bracket 162 whichis insulated from sleeve The contact sleeve 162 and contact head- 164carry terminals 166 for an electric circuit which is connected with theconductors of thegyroscope wheel drive. The closingof the circuit due tothe lowered pressure in the pump 158 operates the pump motor 159 andpump 158 forcing oil into the pressure cylinder 167. The cyl- I inder167 has two pairs of ports 168 each pair. being connected to acorresponding end of the piston chambers 157 by pipes 170.

The pistons operating in the piston chambers 157 are connected by links171 to the rocker arms 156 which are connected with the gudgeons 155 onthe Wheel case 153 and the tilting of the wheel case 153 is determinedby the fioW of fluid through the ports 168 to the different ends of thepiston chambers 157. This movement of fluid from the pressure cylinder167 is governed by a sleeve valve 172. within the cylinder having twoannular packing rings 173. The movement of the sleeve valve is securedby means of solenoid 174 mounted on the axis of the cylinder 167 and acore 175 directlyattached to the valve and operating in the solenoid. Acompression spring 176 lying between the valve 172 and the wall of thevalve cylinder 167 operates to return the valve 172 after it has beenclosed by the solenoid.

' The electric power for operating the gyroscope wheel motor illustratedin Figs. 14 and 15 is secured through contact wheels 110 fixed upon theaxle 101; Suitable conductors 177, as illustrated in Fig. 19, con-' .133similarly connected to operate the solenoid 174 connected with the pump158. By this means the flow of liquid or air into the piston cylinder169 is controlled to vary the number of tilts transmitted to thegyroscope cases 153. according to the speed of rotating the axle 101. InFigs. 20, 21 and 22 the solenoids 121 are placed one above the other andthe electric contact wheel 126 and the other cotiperatingparts aredesigned to operate in conjunction into said solenoids. The solenoids inthis construction have a double action one pullingin one direction andthe 4 other in its turn pulling oppositely in order to give a greaterprecessional movement.

In Fig.24 I haveshown the application of a gyroscope brake toalocomotive. The construction of this brake is similar to that in Figs.15 and .16. The electric conduit 179-which supplies power to thegyroscope motors is carried along the side of the locomotive. vAturbo-generator 180 is shown mounted upon the locomotive and adapted tosupply current to the locomotive brakes and for other purposes on thetrain. In Figs. 26 and 27 I have illustrated a motor similar inconstruction to the brake mechanism described in connection with Figs. 7to 11 inclusive, mounted upon the platform 181 of a car and adapted whenoperated, to i actuate a friction brake system 182 similar to that nowused inconnection with railway trucks. The roscope in this form ofdevice is used entlrely as a motor and'has a drum 183 mounted on itsaxle to carry a flexible connection 184 operating the brake system. InFig. 25 I have shown an automobile truck havin an engine transmissionand diflerential suc as is ordinarily used in automobiles and agyroscope brake C mounted upon the driving shaft. This gyroscope issimilar in construction to that described in detail in Figs. 5 and 6,the drive shaft 185 of the automobile taking the place of the truck axle4 illustrated in Fig. 5. Suitable trolleys 186 are mounted on theautomobile frame 187 to form an electric connection with the contactwheels of the gyroscope and are connected with any suitable source ofpower such as the dynamo 188 which is operated by the engine 189 of theautomobile. v

' InFigs. 30 to 32 inclusive I have shown details of my automatic trainconnector B by which the electric circuits of a train are completedbetween the difle'rent cars and in case the train breaks apart; areautomatically closed in such a manner as to operate the brakes of thegyroscope system used on the train.

. A system of electric circuits which is adapted to accomplish thepurpose of my invention is shown diagrammatically in Fig.

7 28. The wires of these circuits may be carried in suitable conduits asdescribed heretofore, on the roofs of the train. The extremities of thewires arecarried into the vestibules of the cars and connected'with theconnectors B. The connectors B consist of a bracket'190 sup orted on thevestibule 14 at each end of t e car and carrying a fixed terminal 191and a pivoted movable terminal 192 coiiperating with the fixed terminaland fitted to receive a removable plug 193 similarly connected with thep1voted terminal on an adjacent car. The plug 193 is carried loosely byahanger 194 adapted to' be attached to one of the vestibule doorways. Ahinge post 195 passes through the top wall 196 of the bracket 190 beingfixed thereon bya stud 197 set in a socket piece 198 below the wall 196.The socket piece 198 receives the end of one wire of the train line andhas a binding post 199 for the connection of a circuit closer 200.

On the hinge post 195 is pivoted a female coupler terminal formed withsplit spring sleeves 201. The coupler is so pivoted as to rotate in avertical plane longitudinally of the car and a spring 202 fixed to thehinge post 195 and engaging notches 203 in the coupler tend to hold thecou ler in the vertical position shown or in horizontal position 204shown'dotted The plugs 193 are connected to suitablyiinsulated trainconductors 205. i

The plugs 193 connected with the movable terminals 192 on two cars inthe manner indicated in Fig. 30 connect the correspondmovable terminalsonly and the circuit closers 200 are connected with the socket pieces198 of the movable terminal 192 at pleasure. Y

When the movable terminals 192 are forced into their horizontal positionthe sleeve portions 201 are forced between the arms of the spring yokes207 and an electric connection is formed from one wire of the trainsystem through the fixed terminal and the circuit closer to that wire ofthe train system to which the circuit closer is connected. The movableterminals 192 are fixed rigidly together by means of a bolt 212 passingthrough the sleeve parts and insulated from them. In Fig. 28 I haveshown generators 215 on the engine and in the baggage car operatmg inmultiple to supply power to the train. The terminals of the neratorconnect with the conductor 216 an conductor 217 which latter alsocarries one of the terminals of the gyroscope circuit 218 including thesolenoid windings for tilting the solenoids to operate the gyroscopes.The other terminal of the gyroscope wind mg connects with the gyroscopewire 219 which in running is connected with the wire 218 only throughthe controller 220 which 1s located in the cab of the locomotive 'oroperatlve for emergency purposes from other points. A light wire 221 isshown normally connected with the wire 216 through a circuit closer 200at the rear of the. train, the" movable terminals at that point being 1nhorizontal position. A storage battery 222 is shown connecting to wires217 and 221 and in anelectrlc circuit through the circuit closer 200with the geni erator 215.

When a car becomes disconnected from the train as shown in Fig. 29 thecircuit closers 200 being in posit on as shown .at

the front and rear of each coach, the pulling out of the couplings 193as the train breaks pulls the movable terminals into their horizontalposition and form connections at the rear of the car between wires 216'.and 221, and at the head of the car between wires 216 and 219, thusthrowing the gyroscope into the circuit with the battery 222 andoperating it to stop the car. i The Wires 216, 217, 219and 221 are soarranged at their extremities in the movable terminals and reversed inposition across the car at opposite ends of the car so that the carswhen turned around in switching will have terminals on adjacent ends inproper position to connect the circuits in the train. In the operationof my device I use the principle of gyroscope action that when agyroscope wheel is revolving on its axis and the axis is tilted in aplane at right angles to the plane of the wheel, a tilting or rotativetendency is set up in the axis at rightangles to the plane of tiltingand in the direction in which that side of the wheel moves toward'whichthe axis is tilted.

This tendency to rotate at right angles to the tilt may be utilized as anegative acceleration in brakes or as a positive acceleration to producemotor action. It is used in all forms of my device shown, the tiltingbeing secured in the form shown .in Fig. 2

by means of the deflecting portion. of the guide groove, and in the formshown in i Fig. 7 by means of electric solenoids which operate atintervals as described. In Fig. 14 I have shown the same generalprinciple, the mechanism being operated by fiuid .or air pressure. Themechanism by which I secure this operation of the arts has beendescribed in detail, its object eing in every case to produce a tiltingin the axis of the gyroscope at intervals the frequency of -which may beregulated automatically.

The device shown in Figs. 5 and 6 does not require a tilting device asit uses a dash pot retardationof the naturaltiltin tendon which thebrake is mounted.

In accordance with the patent statutes I have described the principlesof operation of my invention together with the apparatus which I. nowconsider to represent the best embodiment thereof but I desire to.

ency of the wheel in rotating with t e axle have it understood that theconstruction shown in only illustrative and that the in- I ,electricconnection with said motors for opvention can be carried out by othermeans and applied to uses other than those above set forth within thescope of the following claims.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire toprotectby 'Letters Patent is:- v

1. A rotative member, a frame mounted on said member transverselythereof to re tate therewith and adapted to oscillate longitudinally ofsaid rotative member, a gyrogyroscope movably associated with said.

axle, means for driving said gyroscope, and

means for moving said. gyroscope to retard the rotation of said axle.

3. A vehicle axle, a frame mounted on said axle to rotate therewith, agyroscope frame journaled on said frame and having a gyroscope wheelmounted therein, with its axls normally in the plane'of rotation of saidframe, means for operating aid wheel, and means tending to resist thedeflection of said axis from its normal position during-the rotating ofsaid axle, said means being associated with said axle to apply itsresisting tendency to retard the rotation of said member.

4.' A vehicle axle, a gyroscope mounted in connection with said axle,means for tilting the axis of said gyroscope with relation to said axle,and a governor connected with said rotative member and with said tiltingmeans to regulate the repetition of tiltings whereby the accelerationdue to said gyroscope action may be automatically governed.

5. A vehicle axle, a brake adapted to cooperate with said axle and bygyroscopic action to retard it, and means for applying said gyroscopicaction to retard the rotation .of said axle.

of said gyroscopes to simultaneously affect the. rotative movement ofsaid elements.

7. Driven elements, gyroscopes mounted .to retard the driving operationof said elements, and motors for actuatingsaid gyro scopes andcontrolled simultaneously in their operation from a remote distance.

8. Rotatively driven elements, gyroscopes in cooperation with saidelements to influence their rotative operation, electric mo-' torsoperatively connected to said yroscopes to revolve their rotativemembers, an

crating them froma remote distance simultaneously, and means forapplying the ac revolving said wheels to simultaneously retard therotation of all of said members or increase their speed. p Y 10. Incombinationwitha movable member, a gyroscope arranged to apply braking 5action to said movable member, and adjustable means for moving saidgyroscope to apply or remove said braking action.

11. In combination with a movable member, a gyroscope arranged to applybraking 10 actlon to or increase the speed of said movable member andmeans for controlling the action of said gyroscope to either applybraking action to or increase the speed of said movable member.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my 15 name to this specification, inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIS L. RILEY.

Witnesses: H. L. Freeman,

F. G. BRADBURY.

